I've driven cars with siezing calipers for some distance before. My wife's car did it for weeks before I figured out what was wrong with it.
It's possible that there can be more severe ramifications (due mostly to the heat that a dragging pad generates), but most likely you're just going to wear out your new pads unevenly, and rather quickly.
So, am I to understand that you just took the calipers off, inserted the new pads, and then put them back on? I'm not making fun of you, I just want to fully understand you.
If this is the case, then you really need to take the calipers back off, clean the slides (upper and lower - clean the slide itself and the inside surface of the caliper that rides on each slide) and the insides of the little boots. You may very well have to use some steel wool on the slides if there's any gunk that won't come off on a shop towel with Simple Green. (You can use brake cleaner if you want, but that stuff scares me. It can't be good for you.) Make sure the slides are clean before you reassemble.
Put some brake caliper grease (it's cheap and comes in little disposable tubes or a giant bucket with a brush) on the slides before you reassemble.
Good luck. Don't let it go too long - a dragging pad can wear out pretty quickly.
And, of course, this is all assuming that a dragging caliper is actually what's wrong with your car. I suspect it is, but then I haven't seen it and I've been wrong before. No, really, I have.
