Well, the problem is you have a Toshiba lappy. I've never had worse luck with any other laptop than with those friggin' Toshis.
Anywho, it sounds like what your looking for Safe Mode. Just start punching F8 as soon the Toshiba screen disappears, and it'll let you pic safe mode. This may or may not work depending on how screwed your system is.
Honestly, you best bet would be to take it somewhere that has an external drive adapter, and can pull your files off. I've only ever had 1 hard drive become corrupt to the point that I couldn't do that. Plus, every time you try to fire up your laptop like this, you run the risk of further damaging your drive.